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What (who) is Confound - definition
VARIABLE THAT INFLUENCES BOTH THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE CAUSING A SPURIOUS ASSOCIATION
Confounding factor; Confouding factor; Lurking Variable; Confound; Confounder; Lurking variable; Operational confound; Procedural confound; Confounding variable; Confunding factor; Confounding variables; Confounders; Confounds and artifacts; Residual confounding; Confounding factor (statistics); Confounds and Artifacts; Confounding factors; Statistical confounding; Confounding (statistics); Confounding by indication; Confounds; Confounded
confound
(confounds, confounding, confounded)
If someone or something confounds you, they make you feel surprised or confused, often by showing you that your opinions or expectations of them were wrong.
The choice of Governor may confound us all.
VERB: V n
confound
v. a.
1.
Mingle confusedly, confuse, crowd together in disorder.
2.
Confuse with each other, mistake one for another, mistake between.
3.
Perplex, bewilder, embarrass, mystify, pose, nonplus, flurry.
4.
Surprise, amaze, astonish, astound, stupefy, bewilder, stun, startle, dumfounder, paralyze, take by surprise, strike with wonder, strike dumb, petrify with wonder.
5.
Destroy, overthrow, ruin, overwhelm, cast down, demolish, annihilate, bring to nought.
6.
Abash, confuse, disconcert, discompose, shame, mortify.
confound
¦ verb
1. surprise or confuse.
prove wrong.
defeat (a plan, aim, or hope).
2. (often be confounded with) mix up with something else.
¦ exclamation informal, dated used to express annoyance: oh confound it, where is the thing?
Origin
ME: from OFr. confondre, from L. confundere 'pour together, mix up'; cf. confuse.
Wikipedia
Confounding
In statistics, a confounder (also confounding variable, confounding factor, extraneous determinant or lurking variable) is a variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable, causing a spurious association. Confounding is a causal concept, and as such, cannot be described in terms of correlations or associations. The existence of confounders is an important quantitative explanation why correlation does not imply causation.
Confounds are threats to internal validity.
Examples of use of Confound
1. The mysterious condition continues to confound scientists.
2. Nagging concerns continues to confound the Tadawul.
3. Terrorism aims âЂ« and usually manages âЂ« to confound rationality.
4. The contrasts of this world never cease to confound me.
5. There were common threads, but also strong individual voices that confound generalisation.